Objective: The Type 4 receptor (TLR4) is an inflammatory receptor expressed ubiquitously in immune cells as well as skeletal muscle and other metabolic tissues. The skeletal muscle develops metabolic adaptations mediated by a favorable inflammation of training for the exercise. Several inflammatory myokines, downstream of TLR4, are offered links to the metabolic benefits of the exercise. In addition, the activation of the TLR4 modifies the preference of the skeletal muscle substrate. The role of the skeletal muscle TLR4 (MTLR4) in the metabolism of the exercise has not been examined before. In this document, we aimed to specifically test the importance of MTLR4 for metabolic adaptations induced by the exercise.
Methods: We have developed a new model of specific TLR4 mouse on muscle (MTLR4) on C57BL / 6J background. Mall MTLR4 and wild-type masculine mattermates (WT) were compared under the operating conditions of the sedentary wheel (SED) and the voluntary wheel (WR) for 4 weeks.
Results: The mTLR4 suppression revealed a marked reduction in Kinase-4 phosphorylation associated with interleukin-1 downstream (Irak4). In addition, the disturbance of the MTLR4 signaling prevented the importation of metabolic adaptations into the WR-MTLR4 mice as opposed to substantial improvements presented by the WT counterparties. Volunteer WR mice, compared to the SED, have resulted in a significant increase in oxidation of skeletal muscle fatty acids (FAO), glucose oxidation (GO) and associated mitochondrial enzyme activities, which have not been considerably modified in MTLR4 mice.
Conclusion: This study introduces a new mouse model MTLR4 and identifies the MTLR4 as an immunomodulator effector of metabolic adaptations induced by exercise in skeletal muscle.
Identification and characterization of a nipponense macrobrachium toll receptor gene
The epidemics of infectious disease in shrimp are a serious threat to shrimp agriculture around the world. Shrimps lack adaptive immunity and depend only on innate immunity as a defense system against infectious diseases. The toll (TLR) receptors play a crucial role in the innate immune system. In this study, we identified a toll receptor gene of a species of freshwater shrimp, macrobrachium nipponense, designated mntoll, for the first time. The sequence of mntoll residues 935 arranged in the form of repeated domains (LRR) rich in leucine, a domain of the leucine-rich C-terminal terminal (LRR CT) and a receiver domain (shot) / Interleukin-1 (shot) and displayed at 90% amine acid similarity of previously identified TLRs (toll 1 and 2) of Macrobrachium Rosenbergii.
We also evaluated the expression of mntoll mRNA in various tissues, including the heart, gills, stomach, digestive gland, ventral nerve cord, antenna gland and muscle. After an infection with a viral pathogen, a white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the expression mntoll was significantly regulated between 12 and 72 h. Our data collectively suggest that the newly identified Mntoll gene belongs to the TLR family with shrimp and is potentially involved in an innate organizational defense, including WSSV. Members of the Herpesviridae family trigger TLRs to obtain cytokines in the infection process to activate antiviral innate immune responses in host cells. This review aims to clarify the role of TLR in the innate defense of immunity against Herpesviridae and systematically describes the processes of TLR shares and herpesviridae recognition as well as signal transduction routes involved.
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Future studies on interactions between TLR and herpesviridae infections, particularly subsequent signaling channels, will not only contribute to the planning of effective antiviral therapies, but also offer new molecular targets for the development of antiviral drugs.
Muscle-specific Deletion of Toll-like Receptor 4 Impairs Metabolic Adaptation to Wheel Running in Mice
Interactions between proteins derived from tumor and toll receptors
The molecular (wet) molecular motifs are danger signals (or alarms) alerting immune cells through pattern recognition receivers (PRR) to begin defense activity. In addition, wets are host biomolecules that can initiate a non-inflammatory response to infection and molecular pattern associated with pathogens (POMPs) perpetuate the inflammatory response to infection. Many wets are proteins that have defined intracellular functions and are released from dying cells after tissue lesion or chemotherapy. In tumor microenvironment, wets may be ligands for toll receptors (TLRs) expressed on immune cells and induce cytokine production and activation of T cells.
In addition, humid cells released from tumor cells can directly Activate TLRs expressed by the tumor that induce chimery, migration, invasion and metastasis. In addition, moisture-induced chronic inflammation in tumor microenvironment results in an increase in immunosuppressive populations, such as M2 macrophages, myeloid derived (MDSC) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). As a result, moist protein regulations can reduce excessive inflammation to create a microenvironment of immunogenic tumors. Here we examine the wet proteins derived from the tumor as TLRS ligands and discuss their association with immune cells, tumors and the composition of the tumor microenvironment. Inflammation is a biological response to the immune system to defend the body of negative stimulation. However, the excessive inflammatory response can damage host tissues and pose serious threats. Exopolysaccharide (EPS), one of the postbiotics, is secreted with respect to lactic acid bacteria.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human CALCR / Calcitonin Receptor (N-Terminus). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human CALCR / Calcitonin Receptor (C-Terminus). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Calcitonin Receptor (CTR) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human CALCR / Calcitonin Receptor (Transmembrane Domain). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human CALCR / Calcitonin Receptor (clone 2F7). The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone 2F7. This antibody is applicable in WB and IHC-P, E
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Rat Calcitonin Receptor Like receptor (CRLR) Control/blocking peptide
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Calcitonin receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Calcitonin Receptor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Human CALCRL(calcitonin receptor-like receptor) ELISA Kit
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Calcitonin Receptor (CTR) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Calcitonin Receptor (CTR) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Calcitonin Receptor (CTR) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor (CALCRL) Antibody
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Calcitonin receptor stimulating peptide 2(CRSP2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Rat Calcitonin receptor stimulating peptide 2(CRSP2) ELISA kit
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Calcitonin receptor stimulating peptide 2(CRSP2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Rat Calcitonin receptor stimulating peptide 2(CRSP2) ELISA kit
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Calcitonin receptor stimulating peptide 2(CRSP2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Calcitonin gene related peptide type 1 receptor(CALCRL) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Rat Calcitonin gene related peptide type 1 receptor(CALCRL) ELISA kit
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Calcitonin gene related peptide type 1 receptor(CALCRL) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Rat Calcitonin gene related peptide type 1 receptor(CALCRL) ELISA kit
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Calcitonin gene related peptide type 1 receptor(CALCRL) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Rat Calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor (Calcrl) ELISA Kit
Although many studies have described the beneficial effects of EPS, such as its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, its underlying mechanisms have remained poorly understood. Thus, we have identified that the EPS obtained from Lactobacillus Plantarum L-14 were homogeneous polysaccharide composed mainly of glucose. To examine these anti-inflammatory effects, an inflammatory response has been induced by the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with pretreated Mouse 264.7 mouse and EPS macrophage cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of EPAs have been identified by analyzing changes in inflammatory markers at the molecular level.
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Assay Kits | Biology Cells | cDNA | Culture Cells | Devices | DNA Templates | DNA Testing | Elisa Kits | Enzymes | Gels | Medium & Serums | NATtrol | Particles | Peptides | Reagents | Recombinant Proteins | Ria Kits | RNA | Test Kits | Vector & Virus | Western Blot
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