Traumatic optic neuropathy is a common clinical problem. Damage to the optic nerve leads to shear stress and secondary triggers swelling in the optic canal. Objective studies to explore the role of the inflammatory response after optic nerve injury (ONI) in toll-like receptor-9 knockout mice (TLR-9 – / -) mice compared with wild-type (WT). At first, the TLR-9 – / – and WT mice were subjected to ONI. We later found out that the ONI significantly up-regulated the expression of TLR-9 levels in retinal tissue of WT mice.
Retinal degeneration after ONI was relieved in the TLR-9 – / – mice, as evidenced by an increase in the number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the thickness of the inner retinal layer (IRL). TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence staining of BRN3A show that the TLR-9 KO effectively improve the survival of RGCs. ONI-enhanced expression of Iba-1 and TMEM119 was markedly reduced in TLR-9 – / – mice, indicating suppression of the activation of microglia.
In addition, the production of pro-inflammatory regulator, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), macrophage chemo-attractant protein (MCP) -1, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), significantly decreased the TLR-9 – / – mice following ONI. TLR-9 KO-attenuated inflammation especially through pressing myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and IL-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4). Furthermore, ONI highly up-regulated protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p) -IKKα, p-p-IκBα and nuclear factor (NF) -κB, while being pressed on TLR-9 – / – mice. Effect of TLR-9 at ONI verified in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated retinal microglia cells transfected with small interfering RNA TLR-9 (siTLR-9).
As expected, promote TLR-9 agonist real restored with inflammation in TLR-9 knockdown cells stimulated by LPS. Therefore, all the above findings indicate that suppress TLR-9 shows the neuroprotective effects against ONI through the reduction of inflammatory responses, and TILR-9 may be a promising therapeutic targets to develop effective strategies for the treatment of optic neuropathy.
Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) deficiency alleviates optic nerve injury (ONI) by inhibiting inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro
Insight into the sequence-structure relationship Toll / Interleukin-1 receptor TLR cytoplasmic domain of the understanding of the function of TLR 2 heterodimer conserved in mammals
Signal response of TLR2 to the ligand always as homodimers or heterodimerization with TLR1 / TLR6. Toll / Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain of the cytoplasmic region of TLR set dimerization and interaction with an adapter molecule to establish an active signaling complex. To understand the function of TLR2 conservation-heterodimers between distantly related species of human (h) and mouse (m), TIR-TIR interaction patterns in heterodimers have been learned through the order-structural point of view.
comparative analysis of primary sequence and structural patterns of TLRs (1/2/6) strengthen higher sequence homology between TLR1 and TLR6. docking analysis of molecules TLR2-TLR1 and TLR2-TLR6 dimer cytoplasm in both mice and humans have identified that for the interaction loop BB / near-BB residue loop TLR2 involved with near-DD loop TLR1 and DD residue loop TLR6 in the domain of TIR, which can cause differential signal
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 3 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 3 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 3 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 2 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 2 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 2 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 7 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 7 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 7 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 8 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 8 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 8 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 9 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 9 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 9 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 5 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 5 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 5 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 6 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 6 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 6 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: Double-antibody Sandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: Double-antibody Sandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Mouse Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3)Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids
Dimeric molecular dynamics simulations for both human and rat species recognize that a stable interface between the near-BB / BB circle discrete region of TLR2 and close-loop region DD and DD TLR1 and TLR6 each. Dimerization patterns observed in both species is further supported by Alanine scanning mutation studies.
Antibodies | Assay Kits | Biology Cells | cDNA | Clia Kits | Culture Cells | Devices | DNA Templates | DNA Testing | Elisa Kits | Enzymes | Gels | Medium & Serums | NATtrol | Particles | PCR | Peptides | Reagents | Recombinant Proteins | Ria Kits | RNA | Test Kits | Vector & Virus 
Antibodies | Assay Kits | Biology Cells | cDNA | Clia Kits | Culture Cells | DNA | DNA Templates | DNA Testing | Elisa Kits | Equipments | Gels | Medium & Serums | NATtrol | PCR | Peptides | Recombinant Proteins | Ria Kits | RNA | Test Kits | Vector & Virus | Western Blot 
Antibodies | Assay Kits | Biology Cells | cDNA | Clia Kits | Devices | DNA | DNA Testing | Elisa Kits | Equipments | Medium & Serums | NATtrol | Particles | Peptides | Recombinant Proteins | Ria Kits | RNA | Vector & Virus | Western Blot 
Antibodies | Assay Kits | Biology Cells | cDNA | Clia Kits | Culture Cells | DNA | DNA Templates | DNA Testing | Enzymes | Equipments | Gels | NATtrol | Particles | PCR | Peptides | Recombinant Proteins | Ria Kits | Test Kits | Vector & Virus | Western Blot
No Comment